Background information
Two families of mammalian lectin-like adhesion molecules bind glycoconjugate ligands in a sialic acid-dependent manner: the selectins and the sialoadhesins. The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin superfamily lectins, designated siglecs or sialoadhesins, are immunoglobulin superfamily members recognizing sialylated ligands. The common sialic acids of mammalian cells are N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Siglec-1 mediates local cell-cell interactions in lymphoid tissues and can be detected at contact points of macrophages with other macrophages, sinus-lining cells and reticulum cells. Siglec-7, highly expressed in monocytes and resident blood cells, but not in parenchymatous cells, mediates inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Siglec-9 is closely homologous to Siglec-7; the gene encoding it maps to chromosome 19q13.41 in humans. It is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes (but not eosinophils), liver, bone marrow, placenta and spleen. Siglec-8, a type I membrane protein, is selectively expressed on human eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, where it regulates their function and survival.
