Background of the antigen
The serine protease inhibitors (serpins) compose a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of blood coagulation, complement activation, programmed cell death and development. Serpins are secreted glycoproteins that contain a stretch of peptide that mimics a true substrate for a corresponding serine protease. Protease nexin-1 (PN-1) is a serpin that inactivates several proteases, including thrombin, urokinase, plasminogen activators (PA) and plasmin. It is involved in tissue remodeling, cellular invasiveness, matrix degradation and tumor growth. PN-1 expression is abundant in the nervous system, where it inhibits thrombin, thereby playing a role in neural injury and repair processes. An imbalance between PN-1 and thrombin may be a contributing factor in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease.
