Background of the antigen
The majority of mitochondrial-directed proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and are transported to the mitochondria via regulated processes involving the mitochondrial Tom and Tim proteins (1). The mitochondrial Tim protein family is comprised of a large group of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are found in most eukaryotes (1,2). Import of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins into and across the mitochondrial inner membrane is mediated by two distinct complexes, the Tim23 complex and the Tim22 complex, which differ in their substrate specificity (1). Defects in Tim proteins are implicated in several neuro-degenerative diseases, suggesting important roles for Tim proteins in development and health (3,4). Tim8A and Tim8B, which map to human chromosomes Xq22.1 and 11q23.1-q23.2, respectively, are conserved proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space, which are organized in hetero-oligomeric complex with Tim13 (5,6,7). Tim8A is highly expressed in fetal and adult brain (5). Tim8A is mutated in deafness dystonia syndrome, a novel type of disease that causes severe neurological defects, thought to be caused by a defective mitochondrial protein transport system (5,8).
